介词without用法说明

1.表示否定,其意为“没有”“无”“不需”。如:

He went out without his umbrella. 他外出没有带伞。

I was without anyone to look after my child. 没有人替我照看孩子。

The letter had been posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了。

若用于否定词no, not, never等之后,则表示肯定,其意为“没有……不”“没有……则不能”“每……必定”。如:

There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。

Don’t go out without a coat on. 不要没穿外衣就出去。

They never meet without quarrelling. 他们一见面就争吵。

What he has said is not without reason. 他说的话不是没有道理。

2.其后除可接名词或代词外,也可接动名词。如:

He walked past me without speaking. 他从我身旁走过,一句话也没说。

He left without paying his bill. 他没有付账就走了。

It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他没有告诉我们一声就走了。

3.有时表示条件,意为“若无”“若非”。如:

Without water, we cannot live. 没有水,我们就活不了。

Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗?

这样用时,有时还可引出虚拟语气,相当于 but for。如:

Without your advice I would have failed. 假若没有你的劝告,我想必已失败了。

I never could have done it without your help. 如果没有你的帮助我永远也不会完成这事。

4.后接两个并列成分时,既可用and也可用or,即without A and Bwithout A or B 同义,相当于without A and without B,同时否定AB两者。如

We cannot survive for long without food and [or] water. 我们没有食物和水就活不了多久。

5.所引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语,表示“没有”。如

He is without bias. 他没有成见。

You yourself aren’t without blame. 你自己也不是没有责任。

We were without electricity for three hours but it’s on again now. 我们的电停了3小时,现在又有了。

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