动词know的几条用法与搭配

1.其后一般不直接跟不定式,但在以下情况可接不定式:

(1)后接疑问词(why 除外)+不定式。如:

I didn’t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。

We don’t know when to start. 我们不知道什么时候出发。

他会弹钢琴。

误:He knows to play the piano.

正:He knows how to play the piano.

(2)表示知道应该要做某事。如

She knows not to tell anyone about it. 她知道不该告诉任何人。

比较下面两句,注意其中的how的有无和意思的变化:

Does he know to come here first? 他知道应该先到这儿来吗?

Does he know how to come here? 他知道如何到这儿来吗?

2.比较 know get [come] to know:前者意为认识是持续性动词;后者意为开始认识,是终止性动词。如:

We’ve known each other for 10 years. 我们俩认识10年了。

We got to know each other ten years ago. 我们俩是10年前认识的。

3. know 之后可接不定式的复合结构,主要句型为:

(1)know+宾语+to beto be通常不省略),这类句型可转换为that引导的宾语从句。如:

I know him to be a fool.=I know (that) he is a fool. 我知道他是个傻瓜。

(2)know+宾语+to do(有时可省略 to),在这类句型中 know 一般只限于用过去时或完成时,通常译为听说过”“见过等。如:

I have never known her (to) tell lies. 我从未听说她撒过谎。

I’ve never known her (to) be late before. 我以前从不知道她迟到过。

在被动语态中,不定式必须带 to。如:

He was known to have a quick temper as a boy. 人们都知道他在孩提时代脾气暴躁。

4.比较:be known as, be known for be known to

(1)be known as 意为作为……出名。如

She was well known as an excellent dancer. 她作为一个杰出的舞蹈家非常有名。

(2)be known for 意为因为……出名。如:

He is known for his poems. 他以他的诗出名。

(3)be known to 意为……所知。如:

He is known to everyone. 大家都熟悉他。

——摘自《中学英语高频词详解词典》(金盾出版社)

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