lay与lie用法辨析

 

lay与lie用法辨析

 

■本站特约作者  薄金成

  

Ⅰ. 词义、词性（如上图所示）

A. lay vt. laid, laid放置；vi.&vt.下(蛋)

They laid the injured woman (down) on the grass. 他们把受伤的女人放在草地上。

Last week they laid 30 eggs, but this week the hens aren’t laying. 上星期那些母鸡下了三十个蛋，但本周没有下蛋。

B. lie¹ v. [I] lay lain躺；位于；被平放；处于某种状态

He lay down for a rest. 他躺下休息一会。

Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。

There was a book lying on the table. 桌子上平放着一本书。（主动形式表被动意义）

I have lain awake all night thinking of them. 我心里想着他们，彻夜未眠。

C. lie² v. [I] 说谎

She lied (to them) about her age in order to get the job. 她为了谋得那份工作（向他们）隐瞒了年龄。

[辨别正误]：他向我撒谎说他昨天病了。

He lied me that he was ill yesterday. (×)

He lied to me that he was ill yesterday. (×)

He told me a lie that he was ill yesterday. (√)

Ⅱ. 科学识记

A. 动词变化

1.lay v [T] 放置；[I, T]下蛋：是ABB形式。

2. lie¹ v [I] lay lain躺；位于；被平放；处于某种状态：是ABC形式。

3. lie² v [I] 说谎：是规则变化

B. 单词拼写

1. lay（v [T] laid, laid放置；[I, T]下蛋）的原形、过去式及过去分词都排在lie¹的（v [I] lay lain躺；被平放；位于；处于某种状态）之前

2. lie¹（v [I] lay lain躺；被平放；位于；处于某种状态）的过去式和lay （v [T] laid, laid放置；[I, T]下蛋）的原形一致。

The meeting is over. 会议结束了。

Is anyone upstairs? 楼上有人吗？

Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的？

【注】在通常情况下，用作表语时不用副词而用形容词，如可说The woman is beautiful. 而不说 The woman is beautifully. 可说The cloth feels soft. 不能说 The cloth feels softly. 英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词，而且只能用于连系动词be 后作表语，而不用于其他连系动词后作表语，如可说He is here 或 He is abroad，但不能说He seems here 或 He seems abroad。