only few 还是only a few  

   

——对一道中考试题的商榷  

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本站特约作者    

   

先请看一道中考试题:    

2010年阜康市初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语试卷—34  

There are only _______ new words in the passage, but I know ______of them.    

A. some; all          B. a few; none           C. lots of; a few        D. few; none    

所给答案为D。    

笔者认为此题所给的答案是不正确的,至少是值得商榷的。笔者认为此题所给正确的答案应该是B,或者说答案B更符合英语的语言习惯。因为在英语中习惯说only a few,而极少说only few。因而在以下工具书中尽管没有明确表示only few是不正确的,但却只收录了only a few的用法:    

1. () 市川繁治郎主编《英语搭配大辞典》(外语教学与研究出版社200610月第1)p696:     

Only a few of our friends visited us.    

2.L. G. Alexander Longman English Grammar《朗曼英语语法》(雷航等译外语教学与研究出版社19911月第1)p186:    

There are only a few seats left. 只剩下几个座位了。(即很少,几乎没有)    

3. Randolph QuirkA COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE《英语语法大全》( 翻译本)(华东师范大学出版社 19899月第1) p355:    

There were only a few mistakes in your essay.    

4.《朗文实用英语词语搭配词典》(上海译文出版社 19966月第1) p453:    

just[only] a few只有几个    

5. A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet著的《牛津实用英语语法》(第四版) 翻译本(外语教学与研究出版社 199812月第1) p7:    

only放在 a little / a few之前,是为了强调说话人认为该数量的确很小。    

Only a few of our customers have accounts.我们的顾客中只有少数人是记账的。    

6. Michael Swan The Good Grammar Book WITH ANSWERS  p170:    

Little and few are rather formal; in conversation we use not much/many or only a little/few.    

既收录了only a few的用法,又间接表示only few是不正确的工具书,如:Roger Berry CoLLINS COBUILD 英语语法系列10《限定词及数量词》(马博森译外文出版社20014月第1)p133:    

a few不正式。因而,可用only a few来正式地强调少数。    

There were as yet only a few street lamps. 到目前为止,只有少数路灯。    

Few可用so, too, very, extremely, fairly, relatively how等强化语加以修饰。    

We have so few role models in positions of authority. 我们在当权阶层的楷模太少了。    

Offices have too few telephone lines. 办公室的电话线路太少了。    

There are very few films of this sort. 这类影片极少。    

They suffered relatively few casualties. 他们遭受的伤亡极小。    

How few of us know how to do that! 他们当中知道如何做那件事情的人真少啊!    

此外,还有《柯林斯高阶英汉双解词典》(姚乃强等审译商务印书馆 200810月第1)p593: You can use “so” “too” and “very” in front of few. Very few firms collect tax.没几家公司收税。(笔者注:以上两书列举了很多可以放在few之前起修饰作用的词,而唯独没有only,是否只有这样一个解释,only 不能修饰 few,否则怎么会没有呢!)

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