有关do的若干用法注意

用法较多,较复杂,在具体使用中以下几点需注意:

1.用来强调句中的谓语动词(要重读),以加强语气,此时谓语的时态由 do 来体现,其后的谓语动词一律用原形。如:

She does seem to be trying. 看来她的确正在努力做。

He did come but soon went back. 他是来了但很快就回去了。

She thinks I don’t love her, but I do love her. 她认为我不爱她,可是我真的爱她。

如果这类句子后接反意疑问句,疑问部分的助动词与前面的do采用相同的形式。如:

Michael did say he would be here at nine, didn’t he? 迈克尔确实说他将于9点到这里,不是吗?

这类用法若用于祈使句,可使语气更客气友好或更有说服力。如:

Do try this fish. 请尝尝这鱼。

Do come to the party tonight. 请今晚一定来参加晚会。

以上用 do 表示强调的用法只见于肯定句,不见于否定句或疑问句。如:

误:You don’t do look nice today.

误:Don’t do be careless.

2.用于do+动名词:表示一项需要一段时间的活动或经常性的活动(如日常生活,业余爱好等)。注意:在这类用法中,在 do与动名词之间往往有一个限定词(如the, some, my, much, a lot of 等)。如:

She’s gone out to do some shopping. 她出去买东西了。

Mother does her washing on Sunday. 母亲星期天洗衣服。

He did a lot of running when he was young. 他年轻时经常跑步。

I stayed at home last night and did some reading. 昨晚我待在家里读了点书。

3.用于 do with, 主要用法有

(1)表示需要或希望得到某物,通常与 could 连用,有时与 can, will 等连用。如:

I could do with a cup of tea. 我想来一杯茶。

You look as if you could do with a good night’s sleep. 你看来似乎需要好好睡上一夜。

若用于否定式,可表示忍受。如:

I can’t do with loud music. 我受不了喧闹的音乐。

(2)用来询问如何处理某事物,此时通常要与 what 连用。如:

Tell me what to do with it. 告诉我该拿它怎么办。

What shall I do with your mail? 我应该怎么处理您的信件?

What did you do with the money that was left? 你对剩下的钱是怎么处理的?

比较 do with do to

What did you do with my book? 你把我的书弄到哪里去了?

What did you do to my book? 你把我书怎样了?(弄坏了还是丢掉了?

what 连用的 do with有时还可以表示利用对付。如:

I don’t know what to do with this strange object. 我不知道这怪东西有什么用。

What are you going to do with these hooligans? 你打算怎样处置这些小流氓?

(3)表示打发时间或安排时间,其后通常接反身代词。如:

Tell me what you did with yourselves on Sunday. 告诉我你们星期天是怎样过的。

后接反身代词,有时表示控制。如:

The children didn’t know what to do with themselves for excitement. 孩子们兴奋得无法控制自己。

(4)表示将就或凑合,意为对付过去”“凑合着等。如:

Can you do with a five-yuan note? 给你5块钱够了吗?

If we can’t afford meat we shall have to do with fish. 要是我们买不起肉,就只得吃鱼了。

4.用于 do without,其意为不要……而凑合过”“免去……也可以。如:

I can do without a car. 我没有汽车也行。

No one can do without sleep for very long. 谁也不能长时间不睡觉。

若语义明确,有时可省略without后的宾语,将without用作副词。如:

If there isn’t one, I shall have to do without (it). 如果没有,我只好不用。

If there isn’t any milk we’ll have to do without (it). 如果没有牛奶,我们只好将就了。

本文是否对你有帮助?